Cubaris sp. "Rubber Ducky" Isopods

Cubaris sp.: Functional Ecosystem Contributors

Rubber Ducky Isopods, scientifically referred to as Cubaris sp., are a stunning species of isopod native to tropics of Thailand, and known for their unique appearance—resembling a small, vibrant rubber duck, often kept as pets in captivity. Their striking appearance and efficient role in vivariums make them a favorite among hobbyists and bioactive setup enthusiasts. These isopods are essential for ecosystem health, playing crucial roles in decomposition, nutrient cycling, and maintaining a clean and balanced vivarium environment.

Functions in Vivarium Ecosystems

Rubber Ducky Isopods contribute in several important ways to maintaining the health and functionality of a vivarium:

• Decomposition: Cubaris sp. excels at breaking down decaying organic material, such as fallen leaves, food scraps, and plant matter. Their feeding behavior helps prevent the buildup of rotting matter in the substrate.

• Nutrient Cycling: By consuming organic matter and recycling it through their waste, Rubber Ducky Isopods help to enrich the soil with valuable nutrients. This promotes healthy plant growth by adding organic matter back into the substrate.

• Bioactive Cleanup Crew: As part of the cleanup crew, they scavenge leftover food, mold, and other organic debris, reducing the risk of fungal outbreaks and pest infestations. This keeps the vivarium’s environment healthier and more stable.

• Soil Aeration: Their burrowing behavior helps aerate the substrate, preventing compaction and allowing for better oxygen flow to plant roots. This improves overall soil health and contributes to more vibrant plant life.

Preferred Habitat

Rubber Ducky Isopods thrive in specific environmental conditions, which you can replicate in a vivarium:

• Substrate: They prefer a moist, organic-rich substrate, such as coconut fiber, peat moss, or leaf litter. These materials not only retain moisture but also provide a rich food source for the isopods.

• Moisture Levels: These isopods thrive in high humidity environments, typically around 60-75%. Regular misting or a moisture-retaining substrate (like sphagnum moss) helps maintain this humidity range and prevents dehydration.

• Temperature: Ideal temperatures for Rubber Ducky Isopods are between 70-75°F (21-24°C). They tolerate slight temperature variations, but temperatures outside this range may stress them and impact their activity.

• Ventilation: Good ventilation is key to maintaining a healthy environment for Rubber Ducky Isopods. Proper air circulation prevents mold growth and ensures the substrate remains well-aerated.

Thriving Conditions

To create the best environment for Rubber Ducky Isopods, you’ll need to consider the following:

• Hydration: Regular misting is essential to maintain humidity levels, as well as providing areas of higher moisture like damp sphagnum moss or water-soaked leaf litter for the isopods to hydrate.

• Feeding: Cubaris sp. is omnivorous and will feed on a variety of organic materials, including decomposing plant matter, small amounts of fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional protein sources. They will also benefit from calcium supplements such as crushed eggshells or cuttlebone to help support their exoskeleton.

• Substrate Depth: A substrate depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm) is recommended to allow these burrowing isopods plenty of space to dig and move freely. Deeper substrates allow for more natural behaviors.

• Space and Population Density: Avoid overcrowding. Ensure there is ample space and plenty of hiding spots (such as bark, leaf litter, or small rock caves) to accommodate a thriving population of isopods without competition for resources.

Recommended Cohabitation

Rubber Ducky Isopods can cohabitate well with various other species, which helps create a balanced and functional bioactive ecosystem. Here are some ideal companions:

• Springtails (Collembola): Springtails are excellent partners for Cubaris sp.. They help break down smaller organic matter, fungi, and mold, keeping the substrate clean and healthy.

• Earthworms: Earthworms work in the deeper layers of the substrate, further aerating the soil and breaking down organic matter. They complement the activities of isopods by enriching the substrate from below.

• Other Non-Aggressive Isopods: Other small isopods with similar habitat and dietary needs, such as Porcellionides pruinosus (Powder Orange), can coexist peacefully with Rubber Ducky Isopods, as long as there is enough space and resources.